When a semi-truck jackknifes, the trailer swings out to one side and forms an angle with the cab, much like the action of folding a pocketknife. This often puts both the truck driver and nearby motorists in sudden danger. Because of how big these trucks are and the force involved, injuries can be severe when this happens.
Understanding exactly what jackknifing is and how liability is assigned will help you in the event that you’re injured and need to file a claim for compensation.
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Understanding the Top Causes of Jackknife Crashes
Jackknife accidents involving trucks can be both frightening and dangerous. Recognizing the main causes makes it easier to spot what went wrong and can help protect your rights if you’re a victim.
Hard Braking at Speed or Following Too Closely
When truck drivers follow other vehicles too closely, there isn’t enough time or space to stop safely. Slamming on the brakes, especially at highway speeds, can make a trailer swing out, causing a jackknife.
Slick Surfaces (Rain, Black Ice, Snow, Leaves, Diesel on Roadway)
Wet or slippery roads cut down tire traction (black ice, snow, etc…). If a driver isn’t careful, it takes only a quick decision or sharp turn to lose control, letting the trailer skid out to the side.
Improper Loading or Weight Shift
Cargo that isn’t properly balanced inside a trailer raises the risk for accidents. When weight shifts unexpectedly or sits too high, the truck becomes harder to control, leading to possible jackknifing.
Brake Problems
Braking systems must be in good condition for trucks to operate safely. When brakes don’t work as they should, the risk goes up that the trailer and cab will react differently on the road, increasing the chances for instability and jackknife crashes.
Speed on Curves/Grades and Sudden Evasive Maneuvers
Taking a curve too fast or making last-second swerves changes a truck’s balance quickly. These sharp movements can tip the cab or send the trailer swinging sideways.
Driver Fatigue or Distraction
Long hours on the road wear down a driver’s focus. Even a brief moment of distraction or tiredness can mean mistakes and braking too hard at the last second, leading to a jackknife.
High Winds and Crosswinds on Exposed Stretches
Strong winds stretch across open highways or over bridges can hit trucks at just the right angle, forcing trailers to swing and giving drivers little chance to recover control.
Each of these factors creates dangerous conditions on the road. If you were hurt in a jackknife crash, it helps to know what caused it.
Who May Be Liable in a Missouri Jackknife Crash?
Jackknife crashes can cause serious injuries and a lot of questions. One of the biggest is who is responsible for causing the accident, and therefore who should be required to compensate you for your losses. Some common parties that might be held legally accountable include:
Truck Driver
When a truck jackknifes, it often means the driver lost control. Speeding, following too closely, or braking suddenly all raise the chances of jackknife accidents. If the trucker acts carelessly behind the wheel, they can be found liable for injuries and damage.
Truck Companies
Truck companies must hire qualified drivers and provide enough training. They also need to inspect and maintain their vehicles or plan schedules that don’t push drivers too hard. If an employer cuts corners in these areas, they can share blame if a jackknife occurs.
Maintenance Contractor
Sometimes, private shops or contractors handle a truck’s maintenance. When these parties fail to repair brakes or other systems properly, a crash could result. Victims may be able to seek damages from these maintenance teams if poor work led to the collision — a personal injury lawyer in St. Louis can assist you with pursuing compensation.
Loader or Shipper
Trucks must carry properly loaded and balanced cargo. If shipments are stacked poorly or loaded unevenly, it can lead to accidents. When an outside company is responsible for loading and fails in this task, they can also be held liable.
Parts Manufacturers
Less commonly, jackknifing may stem from defective brakes or other mechanical parts, like a failed anti-lock braking system. If malfunctioning equipment contributed to the crash, the maker or distributor of faulty products could be named in legal action.
Other Drivers on the Road
Occasionally, a jackknife happens because another driver acts recklessly. Sudden lane changes, cut-offs, or improper merging that force a truck driver to slam on the brakes could potentially make that other driver at least partially liable for the accident.
Figuring out who is at fault in a Missouri jackknife truck crash can be complicated. An attorney experienced with truck accidents can investigate, gather evidence, and work to hold the right parties accountable.
If you or a loved one need help, reach out to us to schedule a free consultation.